sitemap
FOLLOW SNITCHSEEKER:

Email Us!

Members

There are 1104 users online including...
CurtisViday , PhoenixRising , Antoniotem

3 members
1101 guests.

Members in Chat:



If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.

Go Back   SnitchSeeker.com > Forums > SnitchSeeker RPG > SnitchSeeker RPG Archives > Hogwarts Archive > Headmistress: Cassandra Rae's Reign > Term 16: June - September 2007


Term 16: June - September 2007 Term Sixteen: Baby Cries

 
 
LinkBack Thread Tools
  #1 (permalink)  
Old 08-25-2007, 06:04 PM
lightstar1154 lightstar1154 is offline
 
Default Muggle Studies Lesson 2 Presentation Thread

Professor Light came back in the classroom. Giving a quick, hesitant look around, she put the box of slips away, and cleared her throat.

"Alright, I believe the situation is under control, but please, if anyone sees anything else... please go report it to a professor. Those twins have been missing for too long. It's very worrisome..." Professor Light trailing off and then smiled suddenly.

"Okay, let's not dwell on it! Time for those presentations. And, like I promised I'll begin, just give me a chance to get ready."
Old 08-25-2007, 06:24 PM   #2 (permalink)
Special Services to the School
Billywig
 
lightstar1154's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2003
Posts: 3,669
Graduated
Default
Miss Sarah Bippity Boppity Boo!

ooc info: You will make only one presentation post. It will be worth a total of 15 points, so you'll need at least two quality paragraphs. I'm going to present a post right now that I would probably give a 13. Wow me and you'll get a 14-15. You can edit as much as you want between now and Sunday night, but NO STEALING other people's ideas. That's just mean.

Professor Light came up to the front of the classroom, and pulled out a pack of bubblegum. "Alright, so, we witches and wizards have bugglegum as well, but Bubblegum has played an important role in Muggle history too! When they say bugglegum last forever, they mean it. Bugglegum a 5,000 year-old piece chewing gum with tooth imprints in it has even been found in Finland. What most wizards don't know it, it is highly likely the first creator was a Muggle, trying to invent a food that would last for multiple chews. Of course, bubblegum as we know it didn't come around until the 1860's. Gum has multiple uses! As well as chewing, it can be used to hold objects together... Professor Light popped a piece of gum in her mouth and took it out. She then fastened it between two desks. "Ta-da, look they are together!"

"Alright, so you guys may know this, but kids your age were the first people to enjoy the treat. And to give you something else to enjoy, I will sing a song!"

Professor Light said this so cheerfully, that the rest of the class looked up at her with a mix of horror and awe. "Yes, I said sing. You didn't expect that my presentation would really be that boring, would you. Besides... I'm a great singer!" she finished cheerfully. Then she cleared her throat...

"Ohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh--
Bubblegum, Bubblegum,
What a way to have fun!

People used to think it caused cancer
but they didn't know the answer!
Becauuuuuuuusssssssssssseeeeeeee---

Bubblegum, Bubblegum,
What a way to have fun!
You know it, you doooo:
Because I'm about to give youuuuu
Some Bubblegum!"

Professor Light reached into her pockets and tossed out lots of pieces of gum at the finish of her last, long held out note. It was goofy and fun and totally relaxed. Most of the students in the class were giving her there is no way this woman is my teacher looks, but Professor Light didn't mind. She merely turned around and wrote on the board.

"So, let's see... I'd say that was 5 for entertainment value, because by how hard you guys were laughing at my I'd say it was pretty entertaining. I didn't give you too much info, so I'll give myself an 8... for 13 points for the house of me! Let's see how the rest of you do... "
__________________



Of course it is happening inside your head, Harry, but why on earth should that mean that it is not real?
lightstar1154 is offline  
Old 08-26-2007, 12:38 AM   #3 (permalink)
Ravenclaw
Knarl
 
Torchwood's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: in the TARDIS
Posts: 9,217

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Jack Harkness Jones, Jr.
Seventh Year

Ministry RPG Name:
Agatha Rose Cavendish
International Cooperation
x11
Default Presentation of Cinderella
SS Senile Senior

Presentation of Cinderella


Qaz walks confidently up to the front of the classroom carrying a large bag. She puts the bag down on the table in front of her and started to speak:


Cinderella is a Muggle story that is a favorite of little girls. Cinderella was an unfortunate young lady, because she lived in a very nasty household. Her stepmother was very cruel and her two stepsisters were really stuck on themselves. Cinderella was treated like a house elf. She did all of the cooking and cleaning, slept on the hearthrug and had only rags to wear.


It was announced that there was going to be a Royal Ball with the Prince :faramir: in attendance. Cinderella’s two stepsisters would be attending, of course. Cinderella wished that she could go, but how?



[Qaz reaches into her bag and pulls out a large pointed witches hat. When she places it on her head you can see a bunch of silver stars attached to it. She reaches into the bag once more and pulls out a silly looking wand that had a glittery 5 point star at the top…. and continues the story:]


Enter the Fairy Godmother, [Qaz flourishes her wand and takes a bow], The Fairy Godmother tells Cinderella that she will help her. The only condition is that she has to leave the ball by Midnight. Of course, Cinderella agrees. The Fairy Godmother, who is very good at transfiguration, gets to work.


[Qaz reaches into her bag again and pulls out a small pumpkin and several small plastic animals and arranges them on the table. While continuing with the story, she goes through some of the wand motions of the Fairy Godmother:]


The Fairy Godmother waves her wand and turns a pumpkin into a coach, mice into a team of horses, lizards into footmen, and a rat into a driver, and then she transforms Cinderella's tattered clothing into a splendid ballgown and drapes her jewels. To go with the emsemble, there are fantastic slippers of some unusual material that looks like glass or crystal. Soon Cinderella :eowyn: leaves for the ball. Of course, she meets the Prince :faramir: and of course, he realizes he’s found his Princess. As they are dancing, :faramireowyn: Cinderella hears the clock start to chime Midnight. :hourglass: She takes off, knowing the magic is ending. As she runs out, she leaves one of her slippers behind. All of the objects that had been transformed return to their original state, with the exception of the slipper that was left behind. The Prince uses the slipper to find her, as the slipper fits only her….and of course, they live happily ever after. :faramireowyn:


So all little Muggle girls lead to believe that if they were good, and with a little Magic, they too could find their Prince.




Qaz takes a polite bow, returns everything to the bag and goes back to her seat.
Torchwood is offline  
Old 08-26-2007, 01:54 AM   #4 (permalink)

Swedish Short-Snout
 
Slytherin Fox's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2006
Location: In Your Dreams
Posts: 31,312

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Alex Black
First Year
Default
SS Featured Writer Lovely Lady

Excelsior was excited and happy about his assignment to speak about the typewriter. He stood and faced the class.

"Hi, everyone, I am here to enlighten you on the history of the typewriter. the most important invention which ever occurred for muggle writers of all kinds. Muggles had long sought a way to make writing an easier task, in fact, the first patent for a typewriter was way back in 1714. The first actual typewriter as we would know it wasn't until 1874, though. Actually, we may not have known what it was if we had seen it, because early typewriters looked something like a cross between a loom an a jack in the box!

Not long after that, a revolution began and by 1878, typing was already being taught in school. The old manual typewriters weighed a ton, and they used a cloth ribbon which had to be changed frequently and had keys which struck the paper and got stuck a lot. In 1920 the first electric typewriter was invited, then in 1934 a company called IBM came into the picture. Now, some of you have probably heard of IBM, they were the company who invented the muggle computer, as well, one of the most important inventions in the muggle technology. IBM brought typewriters to the very pinnacle of excellence in 1961 with the invention of the greatest typewriter of all, the IBM Selectric. With the invention of the Daisy Wheel, typewriters no longer had keys which got stuck all the time, and the ribbon didn't have to be changed as much, nor was it made of cloth."

"And now, I would like to demonstrate some of these old typewriters." Excelsior wheeled up a huge cart and started to unload the machines onto the table. "Here is a very early typewriter, ooh, is it heavy! I wonder how the muggles ever managed this? Well, we'll just give it a try." Excelsior started to try and type on the old manual typewriter, his keystroke barely made an impact. "What? I know for a fact that some muggles were able to type 100 words a minute on these things! Owww!" Excelsior banged his hand on the key while trying to type, and now is dancing up and down in front of the class in pain!

"Oh well, enough of that. Let's see what we can do with the electric typewriter, that should be much easier," Excelsior says. Excelsior searches and has trouble figuring out how to use the electrical plug. He jumps back in shock when the typewriter comes to life with a loud noise! "Ehhh, what's this? I think it's alive!" Gingerly, he starts to type with the typewriter, using one finger.

"Wow, this thing really works!", Excelsior exclaims. "Would anyone like to give it a try? It's actually kind of fun! But gee, it would still be much easier if I could just use my wand!" He flicks his wand at the typewriter, causing it to type whole paragraphs of neatly spaced work. "Now, that's what I call typing!"

Excelsior says, "Thanks a lot, everyone," and takes a seat, nursing his sore finger.
Slytherin Fox is offline  
Old 08-26-2007, 04:54 AM   #5 (permalink)
Gryffindor
Lobalug
 
Miss Poirot's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Posts: 172

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Bess Lemon
Third
Default

Bess walked up with a small bag, kept it beside her and began her Presentation.

Cars

" A car is a muggle vehical used my muggles to travel just as wizards use brooms. No one is very sure when a car came into existance as it an upgraded version of ancient vehicals example, carriages. But it is said that Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot made the first car or 'automobile' as it was known then."

Bess took out a chart from the bag and held it up.


"This is the picture of a Car. In simple words, a car contains a body which has doors for muggles to enter and seats and windows. It is like an odd shaped muggle house on wheels. Yes, wheels, the round things below the body, make the car move when they roll. What makes a car move is a complicated muggle invention call 'engine'. The engine is a set of tools which work with the help of special varieties of muggle liquids like petrol, diesel. They act like, you can say a muggle potion. These liquides have a capacity to make the engine become active. Yes, they are muggle potions!
The peron who drives the car is a driver. The driver makes the engine of the car work by turning a wheel like structure"

Bess took out another picture.


"This is the the wheel which makes the whole car move and it is amazing, is it not? A small round structure controllig the working of the car!. To stop the car, brakes are used by the driver. They are made to work with the help of the driver's foot! You have to stamp on them with your feet! Amazing are the ideas Muggles come uo with. Well this does show that they have brains!"

"The car is a brilliant invention of the Muggles. They after being incapable of doing magic have come up with a great invention which makes their work easier. The car requires the hands, feet and even the eyes which help to look aheds to function! This shows how hardworking muggles are. The car helps the muggles to go form place to place but must be used with care or fatal accidents may occur.
Muggles love meddling with their inventions. So day by day new types of cars are comming out. The even have air conditioners, a type of muggle device that helps in cooling; music players and televisions, a device on which muggles see movies and such things! They come in all sizes depending upon the buyers' needs.It is a good muggle artefact and the wizarding society must respect the hard work of Muggls and take care not to meddle with it though records show some people have done so. Thank You.


With that Bess ended her presentaion and went back hoping that she had done all right.
Miss Poirot is offline  
Old 08-26-2007, 04:59 AM   #6 (permalink)

Lions Forever
Devil's Girl
Mooncalf
 
shortfry's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: *hiding*
Posts: 7,493

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Callie Hawkins
Graduated

Ministry RPG Name:
Elizabeth Laurent
Default

Kerry walked to the front of the room. Her topic today was about vacuums. A rather boring subject she thought, but at least she had come prepared to spice the lesson up a bit. In her hands, Kerry carried a pitcher of pumpkin juice.

When she reached the front of the room she put the pitcher down on the table next to her. Grabbing her bag that was slung across her shoulder, she took it off and sat that down on the table, too. Reaching into her bag she grabbed some pictures which she put face down on the table to use a bit later in the presentatios, and a stack of colorful cups with lids and straws inside them…which she also placed on the table.

Kerry nervously rubbed her hands together and took a deep breath. “Good afternoon class. Today I would like to teach you about a muggle contraption called the vacuum. Now a vacuum is a is a device used to clean such as dirt, dust, food, and other small items off a carpeted floor, tiled floor, or other floor surface. In the early muggle days before the invention of the vacuumdays of vacuum muggles would simply clean floors with mops, brushes, and brooms. In other words they put a whole lot of elbow grease, time, effort and hard work into their cleaning. And sometimes all this work would just result in the debris being swept around the house and not really being picked up and disposed of properly. However, the modern day vacuum takes no time at all to use for cleaning and all it takes is a little push of the contraption over the floors of your house.

So, how is this done without magic, you might ask? Well, the vacuum uses an air pump to suck the debris up into a filtering system which is later disposed of.”

Kerry walked over to the table and continued, “Now, to be honest…I wanted to find a vacuum some how to bring in to show you guys, but let’s be honest. They’re not exactly small gadgets, and considering I don’t live in the muggle world, I don’t have quick access to one. Never fear though, I have plenty of pictures to show you, so that you’ll understand everything I am going to talk about. But first I thought it would be fun to demonstrate just how the suction on a vacuum works.”


Kerry grabbed the cups she had brought with her, which already had straws in them, and,took one for herself and began to pass the rest around to each person in the front row. Looking at the people sitting in the front row, Kerry smiled and said, “Gotta love muggle inventions don’t you,“ she laughed as she handed the front row some cups and asked each person sitting in the front if they “would please take one and pass the rest back.” Then Kerry went over and grabbed the pitcher and poured a drink for herself and then gave it to the person in front of her. “Now, if you could each pour yourself a small glass of this pumpkin juice, we’ll get ready for our demonstration” Kerry said as she watched the pitcher being passed around and her classmates pouring juice into their cups.

“Ok if you’re ready then please put your straws in your glass and take a sip of the juice through the straw. Such a simple process isn’t it?“ Kerry smiled. “Well did you know that when you sip something through a straw, you are using the simplest of all suction mechanism, just like a vacuum. You see, sucking the drink up into the straw causes pressure to drop between the bottom of the straw and the top of the straw.“ Kerry said as she demonstrated with her own drink in front of her. As you might be able to see… and you can do the same with your own straws and drinks…but there is greater fluid pressure at the bottom than the top…meaning there is more liquid at the bottom being forced up into this small tube. The pressure pushes the drink into your mouth.”

“Believe it or not…this the same vacuum cleaner uses the same basic principle of suction. Although though the execution is obviously a bit more complicated.”

Kerry put her cup to the side and grabbed her first picture.




“This… is a picture of a vacuum cleaner. This particular one is called an upright…simply because it does just that..stands upright. Clever muggles,” Kerry laughed. “Now this vacuum which is the most common type of vacuum muggles use, is made up of many parts which helps it to run.” Kerry said as she posted the next picture, diagramming the inside of the vacuum. As I said the straw and the vacuum are very similar as far as suction. The vacuum works by building air pressure and sucking air up through the front using the fan and rotating blades. It pushes the air, as well as debris into the dust bag. The dust bag captures the debris pushes the air up into the filter, where it filters out any dust or harmful particles still trapped in the air and that clean air is then pushed out the exhaust port. If the air didn’t filter out the port, the pressure from the trapped air would build up and the vacuum would explode and that would not be a pretty site at all. In addition to flying pieces everywhere all the dirt and debris would be sent flying right out as well, and well at that point..you’d need more than a vacuum to clean up all the mess.” Kerry laughed.

“Now the muggles are very clever, indeed. Realizing that the regular vacuum only can pick up dried debris, because any liquids picked up by a regular vacuum would simply fry the vacuum up, they created another type of vacuum, they call a wet vac.”

Kerry walked to the table and grabbed another picture and diagram.



“This is the wet vac. As you can see, it works in much the same way as the regular vacuum, sucking in dirt and liquids in this case, capturing it in the bucket, as shown and then filtering the excess air and debris into the exhaust port and blows clean air back out through into the room so pressure does not build up in this vacuum either. A very simple concept and the wet vac can handle rather large spills and even small pools of water, although that does require the muggles to empty the bucket quite often to handle all the water, but it does the job of drying up the liquid. The larger the amount of liquid, obviously the longer it will take for the muggles to clean the mess, unlike the regular vacuum which is quick and easy. Although, as I said for large pieces of debris, neither vacuum will work. I guess for that Muggles need to use their good ol’ hands to pick up the large pieces and throw them away in their trash cans.

“Ok, I have one last tidbit for you, and I promise I’ll finish.” Kerry giggled knowing this presentation was growing a bit too long.


“This last picture is called a robotic vacuum. Yes, that’s right the muggles have created a robot that cleans. You’d think this was very clever, now wouldn’t you.” she smirked. “However look at the size of this contraption closely. It just creeps along the floor, it doesn’t have the capacity to hold much debris at all, nor the openings to allow much debris to come into the machine. This means that all this little robot really does is pick up the miniscule dust and dirt on the floor, but real messes, like a dropped bowl of cereal will still have to be cleaned up by a regular vacuum or by the muggle’s own hand. So what’s the point of this contraption then you might ask? I’m not sure myself. I think it’s trying to be a cure for the lazy muggle who doesn’t feel like pushing a vacuum cleaner or broom around the house. But as you can see, even using this, the muggles are going to have to clean some other way anyway, as this is just not a very effective machine.”

“So there you have it. The muggle vacuum cleaner. A very interesting contraption indeed, but very effective when cleaning, so long as the muggles don’t try to take the lazy approach to cleaning and buy a little robot to do the work for them. They still haven’t mastered the technology for that, so the big bulky contraptions will have to do for now to help them keep their houses clean.” Kerry smiled.

Kerry sighed a breath of relief to be finished with her presentation. She hoped she had made it somewhat interesting for her classmates. She smiled at them one last time. "Well thank you very much guys for listening to my presentation. I hope you enjoyed it and realize just how lucky we are to have magic to make cleaning easier...it could be much worse. We could be forced to use these lumpy contraptions every day to clean, and you could just imagine how long that would take us." Kerry laughed. "Although, I must admit I am curious to see how one works in real life. Perhaps Professor Light will show us one day. I'm sure we'd all promise not to hit it with any spells and make it explode" Kerry smirked.

As she was about to sit back down, she turned once more towards the class. "Oh and you guys can keep the muggle cups I passed out to you. I thought you guys might get a kick out of them." Kerry said as she made her way to her chair.
__________________

** Graphics made by *JoshMoonson* **

Last edited by shortfry; 08-26-2007 at 05:01 AM.
shortfry is offline  
Old 08-26-2007, 06:48 AM   #7 (permalink)

Centaur
 
Loki's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: ~Gwacie's Pocket~
Posts: 42,723

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Kimberly Bessette
First Year

Ministry RPG Name:
Amélia K. Brown
Default
Mawookiee ★ Stitch ♥ her 2 owners ★ H-O-C-K-E-Y

Ryan walks in front of the room and was ready to make is presentation. Not really sure if it was a good one, at least he was trying to do something. Smiling while looking at everybody that was in front of him, he start. He had brought is bag with him which had couples of things that he want to show.

"Hi everybody. My subject is baseball. Baseball is a muggle sport played between two teams usually of nine players each.
This game is a very popular game in North America. We can find different kind of league: the National League (NL) and American League (AL). Each league has three divisions: East, West, and Central. Every year, the champion of Major League Baseball is determined by playoffs culminating in the World Series. Four teams make the playoffs from each league: the three regular season division winners, plus one wild card team. The wild card is the team with the best record among the non–division winners in the league. In the National League, the pitcher is required to bat, per the traditional rules. In the American League, there is a tenth player, a designated hitter, who bats for the pitcher. It's basically a bat-and-ball game in which a pitcher throws a hard, fist-sized, leather-covered ball toward a batter on the opposing team. The batter attempts to hit the baseball with a tapered cylindrical bat. The material that is used to made that bat is wood or a variety of other materials. Usually when it's for a professional league, they ask to have bat made of wood. A team scores runs only when batting, by advancing its players, usually after a hit, counterclockwise past a series of four markers called bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond. In that sort of game, you don't have any restriction in time.It is structured around nine segments called innings. In each inning, both teams are given the opportunity to bat and score runs; a team's half-inning ends when three outs are recorded against that team."

Taking a break in order to take out of of the picture that he had with him, in order that they would understand what kind of place this game would took place. He put it high enough so that everyone could see it clearly.




"As you can see on the picture you have three important zone which are the infield, the outfield and the foul territory which is the foul lines.

The players who are in the infield are called first baseman, second basement, shortstop and third baseman. They all have a different job but very important one. The first baseman is the most important of all. He is there to stop the player when the ball is it. When an infielder picks up a ball from the ground hit byt the batter, he must throw it to him. Then when he catch it, he have to maintain contact with the base before the batter gets to it. Only then the batter would be taken out. This position required speed and to be very flexible. The first baseman also receive throws from the pitcher in order to tag the runners out who have reach base safely. It's not the most physically challenging position but you still need some basic skill. The second baseman is like a back up for the first baseman. He is also a cut-off for the outfield. This is when the outfielder doesn't have to throw the full distance from him to the base. The shortstop filled the gap between the second and the third bases. It's usually where the right-handed batters hit. For the third baseman, that player need a strong throwing arm, because he have to make the throw hard enough so it will go accross the field and right to the first baseman. The name usually used for the third baseman is the hot corner.

We now have the outfielder player which are the left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder. All those players most have strong arms because the lenght that they have to throw are huge. The right fielder help covering the third base. The center fielder have a lots of territory to cover, so this player most be very quick. This position is considered to be the outfield leader because he is the one who will get the fly ball more often. The weakest player is generally the left fielder since he don't have to throw the ball as far as the other. This player will mostly be the one receive more hits than the right fielder since generally most player are right-handed.

With that said, it only leave us with three players. The batter, the pitcher and the catcher. The batter is the one who face the pitcher. His goals are to produce runs by hitting the ball. The techniques and the means vary depending on the batters. The catcher is the one crouched behind the home plate and recieves the ball from the pitcher.
The pitcher is the player who throws the from the pitcher's mound toward the catcher. His main goal are the retiring a batter who attempts to either make contact with it or draw a walk.

I'm going to show you some of the way that pitcher's hold their ball in order to make different pitch. I have chose two technics. The first one is call the knuckleball. The whole idea is to make that ball come out of your hand taking the spin off of the ball."





He took a ball that he had in his bag and put it in the right position as if wanted to make that move and held it high in the air, making sure that they could all see it.

"Now I'm going to show you the four-seam fastball. For this one, you want your fingers a little bit appart, preferably on the other side of the seams so you can put some resistance as you throw the ball. It's firm with the finger but with a subtle wrist. You have to keep a little distance between the palm and the ball. When you throw the ball you have to make a straight movement."

Taken another break and carefully changing the ball position, he show again to the rest of the class the new hand position.




"To end this i'm going to show you a little video that I ask my mom to send me. It's a nice one and quite fun to watch. Thanks for listening to me"

Having that said, he conjured the video in front of the class and walks toward his sit.
__________________
Loki is offline  
Old 08-26-2007, 02:15 PM   #8 (permalink)
Dark Force Defense League
Bugbear
 
Golden Monkey's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: In Haven
Posts: 32,320
Default
The REAL Sorting Hat: "Ravenclaw!" This monkey is bananas.

Ariana stepped up to the front, a large display in her hand. This display was different; instead of colorful drawings of compact disks, and historical information it had pictures of flowers and children laughing. Placing the display onto the ground, she unfolds a front flap and the words "Compact Disk" appears in changing colors. She smiles, glad that her friend had taught her that charm and turns to look at the crowd.

"Hey, the item I had picked was, and probably is one of the coolest Muggle inventions ever. It's called a Compact Disk, a round circular object capable of holding music, games, programs such as Microsoft Word, if you know what computers are you probably know what Microsoft is." She chuckled and gave a wink before speaking again.

She dropped her first photo of a compact disk and stopped to pick it up. "Sorry, I have butterfingers today." she joked grinning at them as she put it on the diorama. Looking back among the crowd, she held up her compact disk in it's case. The smiling face of a purple dinosaur waving happily winked back at them all with the words "Barney's Sing-a-long." "Yes, this is my brothers." she said laughing at their expressions.

"What I have here is a history of this wonderful device. Please feel free to look this disk over at the end if you wish, I just need it back after class is over." She showed them a compact disk with a picture of a purple dinosaur. Waiting for silence, she turned towards her display and gave it a tap with her wand. The words "Compact Disk: A History" appeared in dazzling blue writing at the top, and a diagram of a compact disk being put together could be seen.




"A Compact Disk, or as some of you who use them, CD's have an interesting history. They can be traced back to the Muggle development of something called Muggle electronic technology and particularly digital electronic technology in the 1960s. These Muggles were very bright back then, not worrying about what things looked like or how they sounded to other Muggles.

"However the at first they didn't make the first CD's to record finding increasing use in audio components as the technology evolved. Though during the same period, many companies started experimenting with something called 'optical information storage and laser technology'. I don't quite understand how it works howevre.Among these companies, Muggle electronic giants Sony and Philips made notable progress in this area."


Ariana took a breath, feeling her tiredness come back. Stifling a shuddering yawn, which by now she had become a pro at, she smiled happily at the crowd and continued, "By the 1970s, digital and optical technologies had reached a level where they could be combined to develop a single audio system. These technologies provided solutions to the three main challenges faced by the developers of digital audio.

"The first challenge was to find a suitable method for recording audio signals in digital format, a process known as audio encoding. A practical method of audio encoding was developed from the theories published by C. Shannon in 1948. This method, known as pulse code modulation (PCM), is a technique that samples a sound during a short time interval and converts the sample to a numerical value that is then modulated or stored for later retrieval."

She waited while the students finished writing, or chatting and continued, "I'm almost finished, no need to fall asleep yet!" she joked, winking at them all ."The storing of audio signals in digital form requires a large amount of data. For instance, to store one second of music requires one million bits of data. The next challenge, therefore, was to find a suitable storage medium to accommodate any significant amount of sound. The solution to this problem came in the form of optical discs. An optical disc can store large amounts of data tightly compressed together. For example, one million bits of data on a CD can occupy an area smaller than a pinhead. This information is read by means of a laser beam that is capable of focusing on a very narrow area as small as 1/2500th of an inch.




To make compact discs, you first have to make an original glass master disc from which all other discs are molded of liquid polycarbonate and covered with a thin coat of aluminum. Find out how over 100,000 compact discs are turned out daily at this facility." Ariana stopped and laughed at herself. "Well, I don't want to bore you all into the next century so I'll stop and show you some pictures of music CD and computer program CD, such as Microsoft." She paused and turned, looking through her stuff.

Finally she had found what she was looking for. Standing up she held out a device which looked very odd, even to her standards. It was slightly round with a square edge on the back of it. She also pulled out long, wirily looking ears? No, these were earphones. She looked up and grinned at some of the people's expressions. "I can tell what you're wondering. I wish I could actually let you listen to what this devise does, but Muggle stuff doesn't work here unfortunately.




"What I have here is a CD player. It enables the listener to place a CD in the CD compartment." She pushed a button and a flat surface popped open." Make sure you don't touch the laser in the middle that could be deadly to the device." She warned as she carefully took a Barney CD and held it by the edges with her fingers. "You should always hold a CD by the edges, this way you won't get any scratches or stains on it from your fingers." Ariana explained with a smile as she closed the device up. She held the device up and showed the class the end of the earphones.

"These are called 'earphones. They allow you to listen to the music without your mother or father hearing. Very useful for when you're supposed to be in bed and can't sleep. You can dance on your bed and listen to your music without them ever knowing." She winked and showed them how to put the earphones in. "Most earphones have color codes on them, usually a circular color around the top of the metal thingy, you place the end of the metal part into the hollowed out part in the back of the device." She showed them, making sure it was secure.

"Now, onto the last and final part. Turning it on is easy. All you have to do is look for a button with a triangle facing right, and push it." She demonstrated. Of course nothing came out since the magic was too strong. "Of course we can't hear anything, but if we were in London or another Muggle place, you would be hearing the Barney theme song right now." She laughed and added, "It's my baby brothers' favorite song right now."

She flicked her wand and two last images appeared on her diorama. The first was round and bubbly, with a handle. Pointing to it she smiled and said, "This is a CD player, something like a CD player I just showed you, yet bigger. It's for home use, or work use.



"And this is for the automobile; it's called a Car CD player." She said grinning as she held up a picture of a car radio.




She could tell they were getting restless and knew it was over. Placing the devices back in her bag, she stood and grinned again. "That concludes the lesson about CD or compact Disks. If you want, you can view these, but please be careful; my mother would seriously ground me if anything happened to the Barney CD." She didn't laugh, knowing the truth. Closing the large display, she picked it up and moved aside.
__________________
Forget the future signature;
HAPPY BIRTHDAY, MAH ARI!!!

Last edited by Golden Monkey; 08-26-2007 at 02:24 PM.
Golden Monkey is offline  
Old 08-27-2007, 05:00 AM   #9 (permalink)
Suspended
Abraxan
 
Join Date: Apr 2007
Location: Now LaQuidditch
Posts: 25,239

Hogwarts RPG Name:
William Montcenaggio, AKA Starr
Second Year

Ministry RPG Name:
Joe Jon Montcenaggio
Default
Dancing is cool! | Passionate Lion | Keeps Harry's Helium Balloon♥

Jason Potter Weasley stepped up to make his presentation. "Okay, here's a story I really like. I hope you all will enjoy it, too."

"There once was a speedy hare who bragged about how fast he could run. Tired of hearing him boast, Slow and Steady, the tortoise, challenged him to a race. All the animals in the forest gathered to watch. Hare ran down the road for a while and then he paused to rest. He looked back at Slow and Steady and cried out, "How do you expect to win this race when you are walking along at your slow, slow pace?" Hare stretched himself out alongside the road and fell asleep, thinking, "There is plenty of time to relax."

"Slow and Steady walked and walked. He never, ever stopped until he came to the finish line. The animals who were watching cheered so loudly for Tortoise, they woke up Hare. Hare stretched and yawned and began to run again, but it was too late. Tortoise was over the line. After that, Hare always reminded himself, "Don't brag about your lightning pace, for Slow and Steady won the race!"

"This is an old story. Let me explain it in a way muggles relate to nowadays, in terms of a sport called wrestling. There is a wrestler called MVP who is a very gifted athlete but his ego is better than his head. He thinks he's going to be a wizard. There is another wrestler named Dusty Rhodes who is a common man, say like a muggle. He's fat and he's kind of out of shape but he gets the job done. So MVP being the egotistical runner, knowing he could beat a slower run, challenged Dusty Rhodes to a race a mile around the track. MVP has 4.4 speed in the 100 yard dash and Dusty Rhodes, well, he has not much speed at all, to put it mildly.

So MVP rushes around the track and is almost at the finish line while Dusty is still about three quarters of a way from the finish line. MVP, who thinks he's going to be a wizard (fat chance) stops before the finish line and he drinks Perrier (that's a fancy water for muggles), he shoots hoops (a muggle game), he does dancing, he sings, all the time Dusty Rhodes, the common man, plugging along. And just as MVP is dancing, singing, playing hoops and finishing drinking his Perrier, Dusty Rhodes puts his foot over the finish line and beats him. So now who's the real wizard? Must be Dusty.

This is the same idea as the tortoise and the hare. It's not whether you win or lose, it's how you play the game."

Jason Potter Weasley ends his presentation by placing two animals on the table, a tortoise and a hare.
Attached Images
File Type: jpg tortoise.jpg (4.2 KB, 1 views)
File Type: jpg hare.jpg (3.8 KB, 1 views)
Jason Potter Weasley is offline  
Old 08-27-2007, 05:47 AM   #10 (permalink)



DMAC & DERP
Quintaped
 
PhoenixRising's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: in my head [GMT-6]
Posts: 58,579

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Amelia Adara
Graduated

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Emma Montmorency (#301199)
Hufflepuff
Second Year

Ministry RPG Name:
Chloe Michelle Adara
Accidents & Catastrophes

Ministry RPG Name:
TiaMarie Mancini
Ecological Protection

x12 x8
Default my awesome fan presentation! keep cool ;)
YesJess! | Captain Goggles | Mama Badger | Eva's Soul Sister | An OG™ | It's all in the Numbers

Amelia walked nervously to the front of the classroom. She always hated public speaking, but in the name of her house, she had to do well. Smiling feebly, Amelia turned and waved her wand at the board where the following appeared:



Turning back to the face the class, Amelia spoke clearly despite her anxiety.
"Hello everyone! My presentation is on the history of fans. Fans are very important to not only muggles, but wizards too as we all experience the same weather and they can keep us cool in the heat. There are two types of fans, which are mechanical and implement.

An implement fan is hand-held and used by waving it back and forth to induce airflow for the purpose of cooling or refreshing oneself. Any broad, flat surface waved back-and-forth will create a small airflow and therefore can be considered a rudimentary fan. Generally though, purpose-made hand-held fans are shaped like a circle segment made of a thin material mounted to slats which revolve around a pivot so that it can be closed when not in use. We will be making an implement fan at the end of my presentation.

Fan history stretches back thousands of years. Since antiquity, fans have possessed a dual function – a status symbol and a useful ornament. In the course of their development, fans have been made of a variety of materials and have included decorative artwork. The simplest fans are leaves or flat objects, waved to produce a cooler atmosphere. These rigid or folding hand-held implements have been used for cooling, for air circulation, as a ceremonial device, and as a sartorial accessory throughout the world from ancient times. They are still widely used.

The earliest known fans are called 'screen fans' or 'fixed leaf fans'. These were manipulated by hand to cool the body, to produce a breeze, and to ward off insects. Such early fans usually took the form of palm leaves. Some of the earliest known fans have come from Egyptian tombs. Early Assyria and Egypt employed slaves and servants to manipulate the fan. In Egyptian reliefs, fans were of the rigid type. Tutankhamum's tomb possessed gold fans with ostrich feathers, matching depictions on tomb walls. Long-handled, disk-shaped fans were carried by attendants in ancient times and were associated with regal and religious ceremonies. They had handles or sticks attached to a rigid leaf or to feathers. Plumage of birds was used in fans, such as those of the Egyptians and Native American Indians, that had both practical and ceremonial uses. In the ancient Americas, the Aztec, Maya, and South American cultures used bird feathers in their fans."


Amelia paused and took a sip of water before continuing with the second type.
"The second type of fan is, as mentioned before, the mechanical fan. Mechanical fans are those such as ceiling fans, oscillating fans, computer fans, or blowers. It is a device used to produce an airflow for the purpose of creature comfort, ventilation, exhaust, or any other gaseous transport.

Typical applications include climate control, cooling systems, personal comfort, ventilation, winnowing, removing dust, drying and to provide draft for a fire. It is also common to use electric fans as air fresheners, by attaching fabric softener sheets to the protective housing. This causes the fragrance to be carried into the surrounding air.

The first recorded mechanical fan was the punkah fan used in the Middle East in the 1500s. It had a canvas covered frame that was suspended from the ceiling. Servants, known as punkah wallahs, pulled a rope connected to the frame to move the fan back and forth.

The Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s introduced belt-driven fans powered by factory waterwheels. Attaching wooden or metal blades to shafts overhead that were used to drive the machinery, the first industrial fans were developed. One of the first workable mechanical fans was built by A.A. Sablukov in 1832. He called his invention, a kind of a centrifugal fan, an Air Pump. Centrifugal fans were successfully tested inside coal mines and factories in 1832-1834. When Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla introduced electrical power in the late 1800s and early 1900s for the public, the personal electrical fan was introduced. Between 1882 and 1886, Dr. Schuyler Skaats Wheeler developed the two-bladed desk fan, a type of personal electric fan. It was commercially marketed by the American firm Crocker & Curtis electric motor company. In 1882, Philip H. Diehl introduced the electric ceiling fan. Diehl is considered the father of the modern electric fan. In the late 1800s, electric fans were used only in commercial establishments or in well-to-do households. Heat-convection fans fueled by alcohol, oil, or kerosene were common around the turn of the 20th century.

In the 1920s, industrial advances allowed steel to be mass-produced in different shapes, bringing fan prices down and allowing more homeowners to afford them. In the 1930s, the first art deco fan was designed. Before this fan, called the Silver Swan, most household fans were fairly plain. In the 1950s, fans were manufactured in colors that were bright and eye catching. Central air conditioning in the 1960s brought an end to the golden age of the electric fan. In the 1970s, however, Victorian-style ceiling fans became popular."


"And now, enough of this rambling, it's time for some fun!"
Amelia exclaimed, as she pulled out this folded piece of parchment.

"I need everyone to take out a blank piece of parchment. I brought some muggle markers so you could decorate both sides of the parchment, if you desire." she passed out some markers, "However, you may also use your wand to add some decorations too."

"Once your parchment is all decorated as you desire, begin at the short side, and fold over and under, making 3/4 inch wide strips down the length of the paper. Hold one end of the folded paper firmly and for a more permanent effect, use a muggle staple to seal that end. By holding that sealed end, flip your wrist rapidly enough to create a breeze. And there you have it: a quick and easy implement fan!"

Amelia breathed a sigh of relief to be finished with her presentation. She hoped she hadn't bored her classmates too much and they at least learned something. With one last smile, "Thank you very much for listening to my presentation on fans and I hoped you enjoyed it."

As she was about to sit back down, Amelia quickly added, "Oh and enjoy those fans that you all made. They might be useful in some of our more stuffy classrooms." she winked and quickly made her way to her chair.
__________________

Nice to meet you, where you been? ______________I could show you incredible things

Magic. Madness. Heaven. Sin________________You look like my next mistake

Last edited by PhoenixRising; 08-27-2007 at 05:48 AM.
PhoenixRising is online now  
Old 08-27-2007, 06:03 AM   #11 (permalink)

Wotcher, Harry!
Slytherin Babe
Puffskein
 
laudienne's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Philadelphia
Posts: 2,035
Default

Lauren walked to the front of the room confidently, clutching a brown paper bag in her hands. It was heavy and bulging around its sides: it was the only thing she could find to carry the props for her report. The muscles in her arms shook slightly as she heaved the bag up onto a desk and, turning to face the class, dove her hands and face into the bag. She rummaged around for a few moments, then retrieved what she was looking for: a large mass of white fabric. Lauren clutched the edge of the fabric with both hands and, with a sly smile to her classmates and professor, threw the sheet over her head. Her body was almost completely covered, but the shiny black leather of her shoes and the woolly fabric of her grey knee-socks were still exposed. She heard the class burst into small fits of laughter and, waiting just a few more moments, smiled to herself. This was exactly what she needed to really get them interested in what she had to say.

Having allowed the class to laugh and wonder at this nonsense for several long seconds, Lauren finally whipped the white sheet off of her body and set it down on the desk next to her bag. She ran a hand through her hair to smooth out the pieces that were disturbed by the commotion, and began, "Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31."

She continued. "It began as the Pagan festival of Samhain in Ireland and Great Britain," she said as she turned to the blackboard, scribing the letters of Samhain as carefully and neatly as she could, "and eventually evolved into All-Hallow-Even, or All Hallows' Eve. This holiday is named as such because it is celebrated the day before All Hallows' or All Saints' Day, which occurs on November 1 and is a religious feast day to celebrate all Christian saints."

Lauren waited a moment to give her classmates time to digest and to take notes. She then said, "Many people also believe that All Hallows' Eve is the time during the year when spirits of the dead are most susceptible to making contact with the physical world of the living. Muggles believe that this night is that during which magic is at its most powerful," she smiled. "No witch or wizard has proven this to be true as of yet, however.

"Now that we have taken care of the history bit, let's get on to things that are a bit more fun." She held up the sheet to her side. "You might be wondering what this was all about," she laughed, as several of her classmates nodded their heads. "Yes, well - this is a typical Muggle Halloween costume. On Halloween, children and even adults dress up in costumes to disguise themselves, then travel door-to-door in their neighborhood with baskets, pillowcases, or bags looking for treats. They ring the doorbells of their neighbors and, when the doors are opened to them, greet their neighbors with a spirited 'Trick or Treat!' The neighbors - most of them, anyway - are normally prepared, and dole out pieces of candy, little prizes, or even loose change as gifts." Tucking the sheet into a small ball and putting it back onto the desk, she patted the top of the white lump and said, "Children often wear white sheets such as this one so as to disguise themselves as ghosts, but other guises like witches, pirates, princesses, fairies, and pop culture icons are also very popular.

"Depending on where in the world you travel, Halloween customs vary. The one I just described can most typically be seen in the United States and Great Britain, though in Great Britain the tradition is growing to be considered an undesirable form of begging. In Ireland, great bonfires are lit and parties are thrown. In Scotland, "trick-or-treaters" may exchange that popular phrase for the song, "The sky is blue, the grass is green, may we have our Halloween" and actually must perform to make themselves "worthy" of their neighbors' gifts.

"Besides parties and trick-or-treating, there are several other activities that are connected with the holiday. Families enjoy the tradition of carving pumpkins, in which they go to stores or pumpkin patches, choose plump pumpkins, and bring them home." As she said this, she pulled a round, lumpy, rich orange pumpkin from the bag. "There, they use knives to carve designs into their pumpkins and put small tea-light candles inside, placing them outside to light up the dark night." Lauren picked up her wand, concentrating so hard that little wrinkles etched into her brow, and attempted to perform the spell she had been practicing all of this past week. She waved her wand in the air and, as a series of glittering orange sparks flew from the end, the image of a small witch's hat was carved into the pumpkin. Breaking the spell and stopping the sparks from flying, her face eased as she performed another, simpler spell to ignite a small flame inside. "These pumpkins are also called "jack-o-lanterns," referring to the Irish tale about Stingy Jack, a man who tricked the devil and, as punishment, was cursed to wander through the night forever."

She took the newly-carved pumpkin in her hands and blew into the carved-out holes to extinguish the flame. Then, Lauren rested the pumpkin on the mound of white sheet and dove into the bag once more. She produced several thin cardboard cut-outs of a black cat, an ugly-looking, greyish green man with a rectangular head and scars all over his face, a pale white skeleton, and a rickety, dark house with its shutters falling off and ominous shadows appearing in its windows. She held each one up and then passed them to the closest student, indicating that they were allowed to share them with the class. "Many people have taken to decorating their houses for this holiday. The most common colors of Halloween are orange and black, and many of the symbols connected with the holiday are black cats, bats, goblins, ghosts, haunted houses, skeletons, werewolfs, and Muggle monsters such as Frankenstein, who is pictured in that particular decoration," Lauren said, gesturing to the student who currently was looking at that piece of cardboard.

"Now," Lauren said, clasping her hands loosely in front of her and smiling knowingly at the class, "a visual aid. Something to show you all just how excited many children can be about this holiday..." And with that, she lifted the brown bag and turned it upside down, letting a shower of small pieces of candy fall onto the desk below. There were chocolates, toffees, nougats, truffles. There were little pink pieces shaped like strawberries, and little green pieces shaped like limes. At the sight of sugar, her classmates perked up, and even those whose faces were glazed over and eyelids were drooping just moments before were now craning their necks and moving in their seats to get a better view. Lauren began scooping up heaping handfuls of candy, dropping them in front of each of her eager classmates. Once this was finished, she packed up her bag, putting the leftover candy, the sheet, the decorations, and her pumpkin all back into the bag. She closed her hand over the bag's handles but, before she picked it up and returned to her seat, she had a thought and dropped her hand from the bag.

"Any questions?"
laudienne is offline  
Old 08-27-2007, 10:31 PM   #12 (permalink)
Gryffindor
Hinkypunk
 
SweetAussie's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2007
Location: Ranting with Chris<3
Posts: 12,259

Hogwarts RPG Name:
Agie Brandywine
Seventh Year
Default
-S H I F T Y-

Agie walks excitedly into the room. She was a little nervous, but was ready to give her presentation.

“Good morning everyone, I am here to talk to you all about flashlights, which are also known as torches.”

Agie walks over and presents the flashlight professor had given her for the presentation.

“This is what muggles call a flashlight. I personally believe that it is an extremely clever invention. What exactly is a flash light you ask? Well the name pretty much says it all. It is a light. As you all know, muggles cannot perform the lumos spell, so by using what they call electricity, along with batteries and a light bulb they have created this flashlight” Agie said pointing to the flash light.




“How does it work you ask? Well it is actually very simple, hence why I believe it to be genius for the muggles to have created it. All you have to do is push or slide a button and it turns on” Agie said, as she held the flashlight out and simply pushed the button.



“To make this a little more fun, and so I can ensure that you ensure that a flash light really does work, I wanted to play a little game. Muggle children usually enjoy this game. It is called flashlight tag. We need to have all light turned off and the only light will be the flashlight. There will be one person at a time who is “in” and their job is to find everyone else by using the flashlight. Who ever is not in, needs to hide and try to stay away from the light. If you get hit by the light, you become “it” and then you have the flashlight. I’ll be in first.” Agie took the flashlight and continued to play the game.


(OOC there is only one light but I couldn’t find a better image.)

*Flashlight tag game is played*

A little out of breath from the game, Agie continued with her presentation “I never knew how fun that actually was. Muggles also have things called discos. They are dances and they use flashlights to decorate. They can use plastic coloured covers and place them over flashlights. What happens is when the lights are off, the flashlights will shine, spark and flash all different colours around the room. I have brought some on the plastic coverings and I can show you what happens”

Agie took out the plastic; she had in different colours and placed it over the flashlights. She then turned off the lights and clicked the flashlight on and off, showing the effect of the flashing lights in different colours*



She then created a little light show which just amazed her. She loved the bright flashing lights. When it was over, Agie put the light back on.

“This concludes my presentation for today; I really hope I have incited you all about the wonders of flashlights.” She said as she walked back over to her seat.
__________________

Graphics made by: *JoshMoonson*
SweetAussie is offline  
Old 08-28-2007, 12:01 AM   #13 (permalink)
Special Services to the School
Billywig
 
lightstar1154's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2003
Posts: 3,669
Graduated
Default
Miss Sarah Bippity Boppity Boo!

Professor Light stood up and applauded all the excellent presentations.

"Great job everyone. I really apperciate the effort it took to get up and present these!" Professor Light stopped clapping and looked at the students happily.

"I'm sure you guys enjoyed them very much. And look... now your homework is finished!" Professor Light joked as she opened the door to get some air in the room.
__________________



Of course it is happening inside your head, Harry, but why on earth should that mean that it is not real?
lightstar1154 is offline  
 
Thread Tools

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off



All times are GMT. The time now is 10:16 AM.


This Harry Potter and Wizarding World fan website and community is not endorsed by Hogwarts, Harry Potter, J.K. Rowling, Warner Bros., Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson, Rupert Grint, Quidditch, Deathly Hallows, Sorcerer's Stone, Wizards, Muggles, No-Maj, MACUSA, Newt Scamander, Video Games, Half-Blood Prince, Orders of the Phoenix, Goblet of Fire, Philosopher's Stones, Chamber of Secret, Pottermore, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, Eddie Redmayne, Cursed Child, or any other official Harry Potter source.

All content is copyright ©2002 - 2022, SnitchSeeker.com unless stated otherwise. Privacy Policy

Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.4
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
LinkBacks Enabled by vBSEO 3.3.2 © 2009, Crawlability, Inc.
Site designed by Richard Harris Design

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252