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Español (Spanish) Ayuda, reglas, guías, clases particulares e información en español.

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Old 05-06-2006, 01:52 AM   #1 (permalink)

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Default Spanish lessons/ Lecciones en castellano!

Hola a todos! Me alegra contarles que van a empezar las lecciones de español! Sii! Para todos ustedes que quieren aprender!
Espero que podamos ayudarlos mucho!

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Hi everyone! I'm glad to tell you that spanish lessons are coming up! Yeah! For everyone who wants to learn ! I hope we can find the way to help you guys!


Bueno, como primero, solo lo basico...la dificultad ira aumentando a medida que vayan pasando las clases!


Well, first of all, we'll teach just the basic stuff. The difficulty of lessons will go up every class!



Hola
Hello

Buenos dias
Good morning

Buenas tardes
Good evening

Buena noches
Good night

Chau / Adios
Bye

Gracias
Thank you

De Nada
You are welcome

Por favor
Please

Perdon/ lo siento
I'm sorry

Señor
sir

Señora
madame

Señorita
Miss

Nosotros
Us, we

Tu / usted (plural: ustedes)
You

Yo
me

ella (plural: ellas)
she

el (plural:ellos)
he




Ya lo se...esto es muy poco! Y es lo basico! Pero va a ir siendo mas divertido y mas productivo!

I know...This is not much! And the basic, really basic stuff. But it will get funnier and more useful!


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Old 05-06-2006, 02:03 AM   #2 (permalink)
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Hola Agos* muchas gracias por esto hilo! Trabajo bueno! (feel free to correct me )
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Old 05-06-2006, 02:08 AM   #3 (permalink)

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Gracias Lissy! Se diria Buen trabajo..
Me alegra que les guste la idea. Voy a empezar a postear mas seguido asi pueden aprender mas! Gracias por tu apoyo Lissy!
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Old 05-06-2006, 03:33 AM   #4 (permalink)


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Muy bien Agos! Pero me gustaría añadir, que Bye en otros paises tambien es Adios.

Great job, Agos! I would like to add that Bye, in other countries is also adios.
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Old 05-06-2006, 03:54 AM   #5 (permalink)

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Lesson # 2

Y si ahora aprendemos los colores?

What do you think about learning colors now?



Rojo / Colorado
Red


Azul
Blue


Amarillo
Yellow


Verde
Green


Negro
Black


Blanco
White


Naranja / Anaranjado
Orange


Marron
Brown


Gris
Grey


Celeste / azul claro
Light-blue.


Rosa
Pink


Violeta
violet


Purpura
Purple
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Old 05-06-2006, 03:19 PM   #6 (permalink)

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I found this interesting thing about pronunciation. Many people told me that they know english, but have trouble with pronunciation. So..for you guys..lesson # 3

This explains the interesting letters...


(Encontre algo muy interesante acerca de la pronunciacion en el español. Muchas personas me han dicho que saben ingles, pero tienen dificultad con la pronunciacion.Entonces..para ustedes...la leccion # 3
Esto explica las letras mas interesantes )

Pronunciation


ll
The ll in Spanish is always pronounced like the English y in yes. Thus, the Spanish word ella (she, her) is pronounced like eh-ya.
ñ
The ñ is the same sound as the ny pair in the word canyon. Thus, señor is pronounced like sen-yor.
h
The Spanish h is always silent. Thus, hola is pronounced ola (as in cola without the c).
a, e, i, o, u
The Spanish vowels each have only one sound, regardless of what letters they precede or follow, or accent marks on the vowel. The a is always pronounced as in the English word car. The e has the sound of the e in bed. The Spanish i is the same as the English long e or ee as in see. The o is always pronounced as the o in the word cold. The Spanish u has the sound of the English oo as in too or the English ue as in blue.
r
As opposed to the English r, which is formed in the back of the mouth with the back of the tongue, the Spanish r is formed using the tip of the tongue on the upper palatte, behind the front teeth, more like the English d.

Hope it was useful!
*espero que les haya servido*
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Old 05-07-2006, 05:10 AM   #7 (permalink)
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Pienso que la clave (?) llave (??? Oh forget this) de pronunciacion fue una buena idea Agos. Eres muy linda en pensar en tus estudiantes.

A caso eres maestra? *curioso* Aunque otros piensa que soy metiche.

Y como escribiste la ene *enye*?
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Old 05-07-2006, 05:18 AM   #8 (permalink)


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Quote:
Originally Posted by OtterySt.Catchpole


Y como escribiste la ene *enye*?
Hola Ottery!

La ñ se escribe Alt+164.

Así mismo se escriben los acentos en español

á = Alt + 160

é = Alt + 130

í = Alt + 161

ó = Alt + 162

ú = Alt + 163

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Old 05-07-2006, 05:01 PM   #9 (permalink)

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Ottery! No..no soy maestra! Tengo apenas 15 años..( * casi diecisies! * )
Tienes razon! Las deberia iluminar, voy a empezar a hacer eso!
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Old 05-11-2006, 08:05 PM   #10 (permalink)

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Hola a todos nuevamente! Volvemos a las lecciones!

This week's new words:

NOUNS
la casa - house
la cocina - kitchen
el cuarto - room
el cuarto de baño - bathroom
la mesa - table
la pared - wall
la puerta - door
la silla - chair
el teléfono - telephone
la televisión - television
la ventana - window

VERBS
estar - to be
ser - to be

PREPOSITIONS
de - from (or belonging to)
en - in (something)

ADJECTIVES
antipático(-a) - unpleasant
bonito(-a) - pretty
bueno(-a) - good/well
cómodo(-a) - comfortable
contento(-a) - happy/glad
enfermo(-a) - sick, ill
feo(-a) - ugly
grande - big
limpio(-a) - clean
malo(-a) - bad
nervioso(-a) - nervous
simpático(-a) - pleasant, nice
sucio(-a) - dirty
tranquilo(-a) - calm
viejo(-a) - old


Pronunciation
Most of the Spanish alphabet is exactly like the English alphabet. Here are some exceptions from words in this lesson.
c
The Spanish c has 2 possible sounds, just like English. It can sound like the s in some, or like the k in kite. Unlike English, there are very strict rules about when the Spanish c sounds like an s or a k. If the c precedes (comes before) an e or an i, the c will have an s sound. For example, once. If the c precedes any other letter (a, o, u, or a consonant), then it will have a k sound, as in cuarto. The word cocina has both types of c in it - the first c makes the k sound, and the second c makes the s sound.
j
The Spanish j has no exact English equivalent. It is like a strong English h as in happy, made further back in the throat and with more sound, much like one were clearing their throat. Listen to the pronunciations for rojo, anaranjada, and viejo above.
rr
In Lesson 1 you learned how to pronounce the Spanish r. The Spanish rr is pronounced differently than the single r - it is made by rolling the r on the upper palate, to produce a quick series of the Spanish r sounds. If a single r occurs at the beginning of a word (as in rojo), it is pronounced as a double-r (rr). Otherwise, only the rr is pronounced this way, as in marrón. If you are old enough, you might remember the "R-r-r-r-ruffles have r-r-r-r-r-ridges" commercials - this is the sound you are trying to make. It takes practice to do it well.
v
The Spanish v is very short and quick, and almost sounds like the English b in bed. It is never drawn out like the English word very.
z
The Spanish z is pronounced as an s, or an s-sounding c. Thus, azul is pronounced like "assule"(one word). In Spain, the z is pronounced like the English th in this. Azul would be pronounced "ath-ule". Use whichever pronunciation you prefer.


That's all for today! I hope it was useful!
**
Eso fue todo por hoy! Espero que les haya sevido!
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Old 06-29-2006, 06:08 PM   #11 (permalink)
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Hola!I faund this a very good idea!I can only understand spanish and mostly speak it,but I really have problems with writing it.I'm romanian,so it is a lot like my language.Thanks lots!
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Old 06-29-2006, 07:47 PM   #12 (permalink)

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I'm gald you liked it! Here's more.I found this here: www.ilovelanguages.com
It's really useful!


la biblioteca (bib-lee-o-tek-a) - library
la biología (bee-o-lo-ghee-a)1 - biology
el amigo/la amiga (ah-mee-go, ah-mee-ga) - friend
el borrador (bor-ra-dor) - chalkboard eraser
el cuaderno (kwa-der-no) - notebook
la clase (klah-say) - class
el diccionario (dik-see-o-nar-eeo) - dictionary
el dinero (dee-ner-oh) - money
la economía (eeko-nom-eeka)- economics
el español (es-panyohl) - Spanish
el/la estudiante (estoo-dee-ahn-tay) - student
el escritorio (eskree-tor-eeo) - desk
la escuela (esk-way-la) - school
la geografía (geeo-gra-fee-a) - geography
la hora (or-a) - hour
el inglés (eeng-layss) - English
el lápiz (la-peess)- pencil
el libro (lee-bro) - book
las matemáticas (mat-ay-mat-ee-kass) - math
la página (pa-ghee-na)1 - page
el papel (pah-pel) - paper
la pizarra (pee-ssara) - chalkboard
la pluma (ploo-ma) - pen
el reloj (ray-lojh)2 - clock/watch
la sala de clase (sah-la-day-kla-say) - classroom
la tarea (ta-ray-a) - homework
el tiempo (tee-empo)- time
la tiza (tee-ssa)- chalk
la universidad (oo-nee-ber-see-dahd)- university
VERBS
Audio: Internet Explorer, Netscape
amar - to love
escuchar (es-koo-char) - to listen
estudiar (es-too-dee-ar) - to study
hablar (ah-blar) - to speak/talk
llamar (yah-mar) - to call
necesitar (neh-seh-see-tar) - to need
regresar (reh-greh-sar) - to return
trabajar (trah-bah-jhar)2 - to work
INTERROGATIVES
Audio: Internet Explorer, Netscape
cuál (kwahl)- which
cuándo (kwahndo) - when
cuánto(-a) (kwahnto) - how much
cuántos(-as) (kwahntos)- how many
dónde (dohn-day) - where
por qué (poor-kaay)3 - why
qué (kay) - what
quién (kee-en) - who
CONJUNCTIONS
Audio: Internet Explorer, Netscape
porque (poor-kay)3 - because
y (ee) - and
PREPOSITIONS
a (ah) - at, to, the personal a
ADJECTIVES
Audio: Internet Explorer, Netscape
corto(-a, -os, -as) (korto) - short
cuarto(-a, -os, -as) (kwar-toh) - quarter (one-fourth)
difícil(-es) (dee-fee-sil) - difficult
fácil(-es) (fa-sil) - easy
largo(-a, -os, -as) - long
medio(-a, -os, -as) (meh-dee-o) - half
Numbers 100-999.999
Audio: Internet Explorer, Netscape
100 cien (see-en)
101 ciento uno (see-en-toh oo-no)
102 ciento dos
103 ciento tres
110 ciento diez
120 ciento veinte
199 ciento noventa y nueve
200 doscientos (dohs-see-en-tohs)
201 doscientos uno
255 doscientos cincuenta y cinco
282 doscientos ochenta y dos
300 trescientos (tray-see-en-tohs)
400 cuatrocientos (kwa-troh-see-en-tohs)
500 quinientos (keen-ee-en-tohs)
600 seiscientos (say-ssee-en-tohs)
700 setecientos (set-ay-see-en-tohs)
800 ochocientos (oh-cho-see-en-tohs)
900 novecientos (no-bay-see-en-tohs)
1.000 mil (mill)
1.001 mil uno
1.010 mil diez
1.100 mil cien
1.538 mil quinientos treinta y ocho
1.999 mil novecientos noventa y nueve
2.000 dos mil
3.000 tres mil
9.000 nueve mil
10.000 diez mil
15.000 quince mil
27.000 veintisiete mil
76.000 setenta y seis mil
99.999 noventa y nueve mil novecientos noventa y nueve
100.000 cien mil
210.005 doscientos diez mil cinco
305.111 trescientos cinco mil ciento once
500.000 quinientos mil
860.789 ochocientos sesenta mil setecientos ochenta y nueve
911.222 novecientos once mil doscientos veintidós
Pronunciation Notes
The g in biología and página is a soft, throatal g sound. It does not have an English equivalent, but it is very much like the English h in "help", except made further back in the throat, like one was softly clearing their throat.
The j in reloj and trabajar is pronounced in a similar manner as the g in Note 1.
There are two very similar-sounding words in this lesson - por qué, and porque. The accent on por qué tells you that the stress is on that syllable (qué). In porque, the stress is on the second-to-last syllable, which is por-; when speaking, you must make sure you pronounce these words correctly becuase your pronunciation and the context of the word are the only clues others will have about what you are saying.
Regular -ar verbs
All Spanish verbs fall into one of three categories - they either end in ar, er, or ir. Within each category, there are regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs all conjugate with a similar pattern - all the new verbs in this lesson are regular (as you'll see soon). Irregular verbs don't follow a pattern, and each verb's conjugation has to be memorized separately - the two verbs you learned in Lesson 2, ser and estar are irregular.
Here are the new verbs for this lesson: amar, escuchar, estudiar, hablar, necesitar, regresar, trabajar. These are all regular -ar verbs. Here are the present-tense (present indicative) conjugations of them all:

yo hablo ("I speak")
tú hablas ("you speak")
usted, él, ella habla ("you (formal), he, she speaks")
nosotros hablamos ("we speak")
vosotros habláis ("you (familiar plural) speak")
ustedes, ellos, ellas hablan ("you (formal plural), they (male), they (female) speak")
Regular verbs are made up of a body (habl), and a suffix (ar). To conjugate regular verbs, replace the infinitive suffix (ar, er, ir) with the correct conjugation suffix from the example conjugation for hablar above. For example, take amar, and conjugate it:
yo amo ("I love")
tú amas ("you love")
usted, él, ella ama ("you (formal), he, she loves")
nosotros amamos ("we love")
vosotros amáis ("you (familiar plural) love")
ustedes, ellos, ellas aman ("you (formal plural), they (male), they (female) love")
(Hear the spoken conjugations of hablar and amar: Internet Explorer, Netscape)
All verbs can be split into a body/suffix pair, but only regular verbs follow these patterns. There are 3 different regular-verb patterns - one for -ar verbs, one for -ir verbs, and one for -er verbs. (In the next lesson, we'll learn the rules for regular -er and -ir verbs.) In summary, to conjugate any regular -ar verb in the present (present indicative) tense, remove the -ar suffix, and add one of the following (depending on who is the subject of the verb):

yo, -o
tú, -as
usted, él, ella, -a
nosotros, -amos
vosotros, -áis
ustedes, ellos, ellas, -an
Here are complete conjugations of 2 more verbs from this lesson:
trabajar
yo trabajo, tú trabajas, usted, él, ella trabaja, nosotros trabajamos, vosotros trabajáis, ustedes, ellos, ellas trabajan
regresar
yo regreso, tú regresas, usted, él, ella regresa, nosotros regresamos, vosotros regresáis, ustedes, ellos, ellas regresan
Now that we have the conjugation for these regular -ar verbs, we can make sentences with them, like this:
Amo a Tanya. ("I love Tanya")
Él trabaja en la universidad. ("He works at (in) the university")
Nosotros escuchamos a la profesora. ("We listen to the teacher")
Ellos estudian a las ocho. ("The men study at 8")
Ellas hablan español. ("The women speak Spanish")
Yo regreso a la universidad a las tres. ("I return to the university at 3 o'clock")
¿Estudias matemáticas? ("Do you study math?")
¿Necesita dinero ella? ("Does she need money?")
A - At or To, and the Personal A
In a few of the sentences above, the preposition a is used, as in Ellos estudian a las ocho. The preposition a translates to the English "at" or "to", depending on the sentence. The preceeding sentence ("ellos estudian...") is an example of a meaning "at". The sentence nosotros ecuchamos a la profesora is an example of a meaning "to". When the a comes before an el, as in nosotros escuchamos "a el" profesor, the a and the el combine to form al. So the correct way to write the preceeding sentence is: Nosotros escuchamos al profesor.
Note that the English "at" may translate to either a or en in Spanish, depending on the sentence. En is usually used to refer to something being at something else, such as estoy en la universidad - "I'm at the university". A usually refers to a state or condition (sort of) of something, such as "at great speed", or when referring to time, such as a la una ("at one o'clock").

In one sentence above, amo a Tanya, the a isn't either of the above two meanings. When a person or name of a place is the direct object of a verb (with the exception of the verb tener, "to have"), an a is placed before the object, as in amo a Tanya. This is known as the "personal a", and it is required. Some more examples of the personal a:

La profesora llama a los estudiantes. ("The teacher calls the students")
Ella ama a él. ("She loves him")
Numbers 100 to 999.999
If you've looked at the numbers in the New Words section, you may already have seen some patterns developing in Spanish numbers. First, the numbers 100, 200, 300, etc., all have a similar form - ciento, doscientos, trescientos... If you look carefully, and remember the numbers 2 through 9, you'll see that each hundred above 100 is just "two hundreds" (doscientos), "three hundreds" (trescientos), and so on. There are three exceptions, for pronunciations' sake - quinientos (500), setecientos (700), and novecientos. To form numbers in between the hundreds, you use the numbers 1-99 you learned in the last 2 lessons, but add the hundreds on to the front. Eleven is once, 111 is ciento once. Three-hundred and twenty is trescientos veinte, and so on.
Mil is Spanish for 1.000. No, this isn't "one point zero zero zero zero", this is one-thousand. English uses a comma to separate thousands, millions, etc., in a number. Spanish uses the period (".") instead. In English, we would expect to see this number: 12,399,100. In Spanish, the same number is written: 12.399.100. In much the same way, where English uses the period to denote numbers between whole numbers (as in "12.99"), Spanish uses a comma ("12,99"), but this will be discussed in another lesson.

Multiples of 1000 are treated as such - 2000 is dos mil, literally "two thousand". Three thousand is tres mil, and so on. This pattern is the same for thousands up to 999.000 (that's nine-hundred ninety-nine thousand), so that 50.000 is cincuenta mil, and 231.000 is doscientos treinta y uno mil. Combining these two rules for numbers, we can read numbers like 123.456 (ciento veintitres mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y seis) and 784.675 ( setecientos ochenta y cuatro mil seiscientos setenta y cinco). So now, practice saying things like:

The current year. (mil novecientos noventa y tres)
How many miles are on your car. (cien mil cuatroscientos treinta y dos)
The number of pages in the book you're reading. (trescientos ochenta)
The number of CDs and tapes you own. (doscientos cinco)
Your yearly salary. (diez mil)
Telling Time
Yo regreso a la universidad a las tres. Telling time in Spanish uses only 2 forms of the verb ser: es and son. Spanish for "it is one o'clock" is es la una. Times are always given in the feminine form because la hora ("hour", or "the time") is feminine. Es la is only used if you are talking about one o'clock, since "one" is singular. For all other hours, you use son las, as in son las seis ("It's 6 o'clock"). Minutes are expressed as numbers after the hour, using either y or menos to represent after or before the hour, respectively. At 15 minutes before or after the hour, cuarto ("a fourth") is used instead of quince ("fifteen"). Likewise, at 30 minutes after an hour, media ("half") is used instead of treinta ("thirty"). Media is never used with menos Here are some exapmles:
Es la una y veinte. ("It's twenty after one", literally "it's one and twenty")
Son las dos menos diez. ("It's ten before two", literally "it's two minus ten")
Son las cuatro y cuarto. ("It's a quarter after four.")
Son las cuatro menos cuarto. ("It's a quarter before four.")
Son las diez y media. ("It's half past ten.")
Es la una menos cinco. ("It's five (minutes) to one.")
To say that something is "at" a certain time, use a la or a las:
¿A qué hora es la clase? ("At what time is the class?")
La clase es a las nueve. ("The class is at 9 o'clock.")
La clase es a la una. ("The class is at one o'clock.")
To ask for the time in Spanish, use ¿Qué hora es? ("What time is it?"). To ask what time something happens at, use ¿A qué hora...? ("At what time...?") as in ¿A qué hora es la clase?, or ¿A qué hora regresas a la universidad? ("What time do you return to the university?").
To differentiate between AM and PM when telling time, Spanish uses de la mañana ("in the morning"), de la tarde ("in the afternoon"), and de la noche ("in the night") to describe what time of day being referred to. So 9 o'clock PM becomes son las nueve de la noche, while 9AM is son las nueve de la mañana, and 5PM is son las cinco de la tarde.

Questions and Question Words
Asking a yes or no question
There are many ways to ask questions in Spanish. The simplest form of a question is to use a regular sentence but either add question marks (when written) or change the inflection (when spoken). Look at these 2 sentences:
Marisa estudia. ("Marisa studies.")
¿Marisa estudia? ("Does Marisa study?")
When writing a question in Spanish, question marks occur at both the beginning and the end of the question. The beginning question mark is always inverted, i.e. upside-down (¿), to specify the beginning of a question. Question marks do not need to surround the entire sentence if the entire sentence is not a question - see the example below. When speaking, you can't draw little question marks to let the other person know you're asking a question, so you must change the inflection of the sentence. A normal Spanish sentence ends on a low inflection, as in "maRIsa esTUdia", with capital letters denoting syllable emphasis. When asking a question, the sentence ends with a high inflection, as in "maRIsa estudIA", much the same as English questions.
It is also possible to change the word order when asking a question. Look at these sentences:

¿Marisa estudia español?
¿Estudia Marisa español?
¿Estudia español Marisa?
All three of these sentences say the same thing, "Is Marisa studying Spanish?" The subject of the sentence, namely Marisa, can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, after the verb, or at the end of the sentence, for questions only. The same rules of inflection apply as above. It is important to note that, the second form above (¿Estudia Marisa español?), with the subject after the verb, is the most "question-like", and is the preferred form for asking questions of this kind. In the section above, the proper way to ask "does Marisa study" would be ¿Estudia Marisa?
One other common way of asking a question is to add ¿no? or ¿verdad? ("right?") to the end of a sentence. So the question above could also be written: Marisa estudia español, ¿verdad? ("Marisa is studying Spanish, isn't she?" or "Marisa is studying Spanish, right?").

Question words
All of these questions have implied either a yes or no answer - "Is Marisa studying?", "Is she studying Spanish?" To ask questions that require more than a yes or no answer, you generally have to use a question word. Here is a list of some English question words and their Spanish equivalents:
What - qué
Who - quién
When - cuándo
Why - por qué,
Which - cuál
How much - cuánto(-a)
How many - cuántos(-as)
Where - dónde
Each question word, or interrogatve, works similarly to its English counterpart. Perhaps the easiest way to explain how to use them is through example sentences. Take a look at these:
¿Quién es Roberto? ("Who is Roberto?")
¿Cuándo regresa? ("When is s/he returning?")
¿Dónde estudia? ("Where does s/he study?")
¿Qué hora es? ("What time is it?")
¿A qué hora es la clase? ("At what time is the class?")
¿Cuál es la tarea? ("What is the homework (assignment)?")
¿Quién está en la casa? ("Who is in the house?")
¿Dónde está el lápiz? ("Where is the pencil?")
¿Por qué regresa a la escuela? ("Why do you return to school?")
¿En cuál universidad estudias? ("At which university do you study?")
¿Cuántos estudiantes estan en la clase? ("How many students are in class?")
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Old 08-03-2006, 02:52 PM   #13 (permalink)
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Old 08-03-2006, 09:06 PM   #14 (permalink)

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No hay problema!

Si necesitan aprender algo en especial, pidanlo. Asi trato de ayudarlos!
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Old 08-26-2006, 10:46 PM   #15 (permalink)
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Old 08-30-2006, 04:41 PM   #16 (permalink)
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Old 09-03-2006, 05:59 PM   #17 (permalink)

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De nada chicos! Estamos aca para ayudarlos! Asi que, cualquier cosa que necesiten, solo pregunten!
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Old 10-22-2006, 03:11 AM   #18 (permalink)

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Regular Verbs: Part I

All Spanish verbs are either "regular" or "irregular." In this lesson we will look at three completely regular verbs:

hablar (to speak)
comer (to eat)
vivir (to live)

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Notice the last two letters of each verb.

hablar (to speak)
comer (to eat)
vivir (to live)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

There are three categories of verbs:

-ar verbs (like hablar)
-er verbs (like comer)
-ir verbs (like vivir)

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All three categories are infinitives. You will recall from a previous lesson that infinitives are the base form of the verb, equivalent in English to: to speak, to eat, to live, etc. In Spanish, all infinitives end in -ar, -er, or -ir.

-ar verb
hablar (to speak)

-er verb
comer (to eat)

-ir verb
vivir (to live)

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Remember what it means to conjugate a verb:

to speak

I speak
you speak
he speaks
she speaks
we speak
you-all speak
they speak

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In this lesson, you will learn to conjugate our model verbs for I, you (formal), we, and you-all (formal).

yo hablo
I speak

usted habla
you speak

nosotros/as hablamos
we speak

ustedes hablan
you-all speak



yo como
I eat

usted come
you eat

nosotros/as comemos
we eat

ustedes comen
you-all eat



yo vivo
I live

usted vive
you live

nosotros/as vivimos
we live

ustedes viven
you-all live

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Look for a pattern in the yo form.

yo hablo
yo como
yo vivo

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the subject is I (yo), conjugate by dropping the ending and add -o.

yo hablo (hablar - ar + o = hablo)
yo como (comer - er + o = como)
yo vivo (vivir - ir + o = vivo)

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Look for a pattern in the usted form.

usted habla
usted come
usted vive

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the subject is you formal (usted) drop the ending and add either -a or -e. If the verb is an -ar verb, add -a. If it is an -er or -ir verb, add -e.

usted habla (hablar - ar + a = habla)
usted come (comer - er + e = come)
usted vive (vivir - ir + e = vive)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Look for a pattern in the nosotros/as form.

nosotros/as hablamos
nosotros/as comemos
nosotros/as vivimos

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the subject is we (nosotros/as), conjugate by dropping the ending and add -amos, -emos, or -imos. Notice that the ending of the infinitive determines which is used: -ar verbs add -amos, -er verbs add -emos, -ir verbs add -imos.

nosotros/as hablamos
(hablar - ar + amos = hablamos)

nosotros/as comemos
(comer - er + emos = comemos)

nosotros/as vivimos
(vivir - ir + imos = vivimos)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Look for a pattern in the ustedes form.

ustedes hablan
ustedes comen
ustedes viven

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the subject is you-all (ustedes), conjugate by dropping the ending and add -an or -en. If the verb is an -ar verb, add -an. If it is an -er or an -ir verb, add -en.

ustedes hablan
(hablar - ar + an = hablan)

ustedes comen
(comer - er + en = comen)

ustedes viven
(vivir - ir + en = viven)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Present tense (indicative) in Spanish means three things.

Yo hablo inglés:

I speak English.
I do speak English.
I am speaking English.


Yo como pan:

I eat bread.
I do eat bread.
I am eating bread.


Yo vivo en Buenos Aires:

I live in Buenos Aires.
I do live in Buenos Aires.
I am living in Buenos Aires.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is vital that you continue with your collection of verb flashcards. This will be your key to success in mastering the Spanish verbs. Continue by creating 4 additional cards, writing the words in bold on one side and the conjugations on the other side:

Verb Flashcards

Present Indicative

I speak
I do speak
I am speaking


hablar (to speak)

hablo

habla

hablamos

hablan


comer (to eat)

como

come

comemos

comen


vivir (to live)

vivo

vive

vivimos

viven
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Old 10-22-2006, 03:16 AM   #19 (permalink)

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Ser and estar can both be translated as "to be." Here is the English verb, fully conjugated:

to be

I am
you are
he/she is
we are
you-all are
they are

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Notice that these two sentences can have different meanings in English.

The apple is green.
(Meaning the apple is not ripe.)

The apple is green.
(Meaning the color of the apple is green.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the first case, our example speaks of the condition of the apple. The apple is green because it has not yet ripened. When the condition of the apple changes, that is, when it has ripened, it will no longer be green, it will be ripe.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the second case, our example speaks of the essential characteristics of the apple. The apple is green in color. This particular apple remains green even after it has ripened.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In English, the verb "to be" can be used to tell how something is (the condition) and what something is (the essence).

How is the apple?
It is unripe.

What color is the apple?
It is green.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In Spanish, a different verb is used to express "to be" depending on whether the speaker intends to address a condition or an essential quality.

La manzana está verde.
The apple is green. (condition)

La manzana es verde.
The apple is green. (essence)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note how the adjective "verde" actually changes meaning, depending upon whether it is used with ser or estar.

La manzana está verde.
(condition: verde = unripe)

La manzana es verde.
(essential characteristic: verde = color green)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To address condition, use estar. Estar is an irregular verb. It does not follow the standard rules of conjugation for regular -ar verbs. Therefore, you must memorize it.

estar

estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To address an essential quality, use ser. Ser is also irregular and must be memorized.

ser

soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you are talking about what something is, use ser; if you are talking about how something is, use estar.

What is she like?
She is quiet.
Use ser:
Ella es callada.

How is she acting?
She is being quiet.
Use estar:
Ella está callada.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Let's add the two important verbs ser and estar to our set of verb flashcards:

Verb Flashcards

ser (to be)

soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son


estar (to be)

estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están
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Old 10-22-2006, 03:19 AM   #20 (permalink)

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Negation

You have already learned how to make simple affirmative statements.

Ella habla inglés.
She speaks English.

Él es profesor.
He is a professor.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To make a sentence negative, place the word "no" before the verb.

Ella no habla inglés.
She doesn't speak English.

Él no es profesor.
He is not a professor.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

When the answer to a question is negative, two negative words are required.

¿Habla Ud. español? (Do you speak Spanish?)
No. No hablo español. (No. I don't speak Spanish.)

¿ Está Gerardo en la clase? (Is Gerardo in the class?)
No. Gerardo no está en la clase. (No. Gerardo is not in the class.)

¿Siempre estudias? (Do you always study?)
No, nunca estudio. (No, I never study.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Study the following list of affirmative words and their negative counterparts:

algo (something)
nada (nothing)

alguien (somebody)
nadie (nobody)

algún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (some, something)
ningún (-o, -a, -os, -as) (no, none)

siempre (always)
nunca (never) jamás (never, ever)

también (also)
tampoco (neither, not either)

o . . . o (either . . . or)
ni . . . ni (neither . . . nor)



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The negative words can be used alone, preceding the verb.

Nadie habla.
Nobody speaks.

Él nunca come.
He never eats.

Alfredo tampoco baila.
Alfredo doesn't dance either.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The negative words can also be used with the word "no," following the verb. Note that unlike English, double negatives are acceptable in Spanish.

No habla nadie.
Nobody speaks.

Él no come nunca.
He never eats.

Alfredo no baila tampoco .
Alfredo doesn't dance either.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sometimes, three negative words occur in the same sentence.

No compro nada nunca.
I never buy anything.

Él no compra nada tampoco.
He doesn't buy anything either.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You can even have four negative words in the same sentence.

Yo no veo nunca a nadie tampoco.
I never see anybody either.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Unlike English, Spanish does not normally mix negative and affirmative words.

English
Maria doesn't need anything.
NOT Maria doesn't need nothing.

Spanish
María no necesita nada.
NOT María no necesita algo.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Alguno and ninguno drop the -o before a masculine singular noun.

¿Tienes algún libro?
No, no tengo ningún libro.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ninguno(-a) is generally used in the singular.

¿Tienes algunas revistas?
No, no tengo ninguna.

¿Tienes algunos libros?
No, no tengo ninguno.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The plural of ninguno(-a) is used only when the noun it modifies exists only in plural.

Ningunas vacaciones a Alaska son completas sin una excursión a Mt. McKinley.
No vacation to Alaska is complete without a trip to Mt. McKinley.
In this example "ningunas" is used because "vacaciones" only exists in plural form.
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Old 10-22-2006, 03:20 AM   #21 (permalink)

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He sacado esto de : http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons

Espero que les sirva!
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Old 10-29-2006, 09:07 PM   #22 (permalink)
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Muchas gracias, Agos*! Has hecho un trabajo inmenso.

Estudio espanol y tengo una pregunta: cuando es madrugada y cuando es manana? Una de mis amigas dijo "Suelo despertarme a las cinco de la manana" y la profesora noto' que "a las cinco de la madrugada" seria mejor.
Cuando termina la madrugada y empieza la manana?
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Old 10-29-2006, 10:06 PM   #23 (permalink)

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No soy una experta en eso, y aca en Argentina el idioma suele utilizarse de manera no tan ortodoxa. Pero en mi opinion, la "madrugada" seria de 1 o 2 A.M hasta las 5 o 6 A.m.
Igualmente, seria optimo que le preguntases a tu profesora, ya que ella te podra ayudar muchisimo mas! Yo voy a tratar de averiguar bien para tratar de dar una respuesta mejor y mas conveniente!

Espero que te haya gustado! El español es muy lindo y espero que te guste aprenderlo!
Pregunta lo que quieras!
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Old 10-30-2006, 12:30 PM   #24 (permalink)
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Muchas gracias! Esta respuesta es suficiente para mi. Si tengo mas preguntas,te preguntare'. Muchas gracias una vez mas
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Old 10-30-2006, 04:56 PM   #25 (permalink)

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Estamos aca para ayudarte!

me alegra que nos consideres para aprender!
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